Human Happiness in CPM and HRM Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Human Happiness in CPM and HRM. Answer: Presentation It is imperative to comprehend the job of the contemporary individuals the executives and the human asset the board on the mankind. The associations can be riun by an ideal use of the human asset the executives and the vital HRM assumes a colossal job in standing up to the risky circumstances inside the associations. Another significant perspective in the running of the associations is the contemporary individuals the executives. Both of these have a significant task to carry out in seeing how the associations are run easily. The representatives are the key individuals in the associations and their joy is significant for the associations as they can perform better just in the event that they feel great from inside. The relational abilities between the workers and the administration have a significant impact in deciding the human satisfaction. It is very straightforward the human satisfaction is to be kept at the highest point of the need list. Human bliss in CPM and HRM The term contemporary individuals the board or CPM is the reality of how the directors of the associations (Hall, Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2012). A portion of the directors have great conveying aptitudes in the associations and some have poor ones. The workplace changes fundamentally and the working kinds of the chiefs change too. The administration model of things to come centers around the way that the pioneers or the supervisors should lead the workforce from the front (Goetsch and Davis 2014). As indicated by the past ideas, the workers were driven by the dread and thought of the order and control by the chiefs. This dread was in the brains of the representatives that kept them from speaking with the chiefs in free personalities. This drove them to the psychological disappointment of the representatives (Abraham 2012). The individuals or the representatives must be overseen in a decent request since they are the most significant resources of the associations. The administrators need to comprehend the mechanical parts of the ongoing occasions. The chiefs can't turn into the IT experts in a day yet they ought to have the option to comprehend what the workers need from the position. The directors need not comprehend the manners in which the representatives work in their particular fields or the manners in which their working systems sway the income of the association (Whetten and Cameron 2014). The chiefs ought to have the option to comprehend the manners in which the workers act in their fields and how they handle the clients ought to be comprehended by the administrators. This would give the administrators a lift and get the human satisfaction the working air. There are some different requirements for the associations and society too by which they will have the option to comprehend what is expected of the human asset the executives of the associations. The improvement of the association should be executed by the best possible human asset the board arrangements (Parry Stavrou and Lazarova, 2013). The human asset the executives and contemporary individuals the executives contributes a ton to the improvement of the general public and humankind also. The contemporary individuals the executives is the arrangement that has been created to improve and build up the propensities and methods of the practices in the general population and private area that would be sufficiently sound to improve the conditions. The people being assigned ought to be hoping to improve their propensities and take up such projects by which they can improve the philanthropic practices thus something useful for the general public. Then again the HRM division takes care of the enrollment and advancement of the representatives since they are the advantages of the association (Bratton and Gold 2012). They produce the efficiency for the associations that expands the estimation of the association. The duty of the associations is to give the fundamental necessities to the associations and this is the primary goal o f the human asset the executives by offering some benefit to the associations. The experts of HRM realize that they need to give the prizes to the workers who have been continually performing great in arbitrary. The HRM division ought to consistently play out their undertakings by guaranteeing the open trust for the associations and pay the workers at legitimate occasions, giving rewards, carry on with the representatives positively and others. They ought to furnish the representatives with the open doors for profession advancement that would thusly, advantage the benefit of the association. The prosperity of the general public can likewise be reflected by the exercises of HRM by the endowments of corporate social obligation (Tai and Chuang 2014). The essential obligations of the associations incorporate that of the moral practices to their workers and their pledge to the social turn of events and improvement of the human way of life. The associations can take up certain foundation exercises that will assist them with creating a decent brand picture before the general public. These social exercises will prompt an immediate social advantage and help the associations to introduce themselves in a superior manner. The HRM division can likewise decide on the cleanup programs and the instruction drives among the poor locals and kids (Jamali, El Dirani and Harwood 2015). They can likewise choose to orchestrate clinical camps and wellbeing exam exercises for the destitute individuals of the ghettos and towns. These things will be useful for them to take part in a fight for matchless quality among different associations (Spicer 2013). As a piece of the CPM exercises, the associations can decide to execute certain projects by which the associations can inspire their social notoriety. Both CPM and HRM manages the relationship with the general population and they will in general form a solid relationship with the associations. The scaffold between general society and the associations ought to be worked to set up the amicability. The Human asset the executives ought to guarantee the way that the beneficial workers ought to take into account the social advantage of the association also. The representatives ought to be given the activity fulfillment that is a basic piece of the association. Both these groups of the association should work connected at the hip to improve the nature of the association and improve the social issues and take into account the advantage of the general public. These plans and activities should lead the associations to increase present moment and long haul benefits. This is on the grounds that the associations work inside a social domain and they should restore the favors too. The traditional utilitarianism is one factor that centers around t he human satisfaction and the improvement of the social gauges (Dez-Martn, Prado-Roman and Blanco-Gonzlez 2013). The bliss and fulfillment of an all out number of the individuals is very significant. As the HRM assists with building up the limits of the representatives, the more able workers ought to be hoping to use their latent capacity and lead their ethics for the joy of the whole network. The CPM exercises should lead the associations to accomplish the best results for the general public and take into account the standards of the social utilitarianism. As indicated by the way of thinking of the exemplary utilitarianism, the best result must be accomplished from the exercises that are embraced. The Happiness rule is one of the primary components in this way of thinking and the human joy is a piece of it. This is additionally material for the general population and private area associations too. The best great ought to be accomplished for the best number of individuals. In this situation, the CPM exercises ought to be done such that the general public is profited. The exercises ought to be ethical and ought to be powerful for a network (Abernathy and Lattal 2014). The advancement of the way of life ought to be focused on. The HRM exercises ought to likewise represent the advancement of the representatives. The more dexterous and created workers will go about as better i nstruments for the social government assistance and they can orchestrate numerous social exercises. It ought to be taken a gander at that the presentation conveyance ought to be a lot of focused about the human satisfaction. The morals inside the CPM and HRM rehearses is basic as it is centered around doing the human great. The satisfaction of the individuals is for sure significant since the improvement of the networks can't be accomplished without the dynamic cooperation of the people. The most extreme spotlight ought to be on the improvement of the people and the general public. The human joy ought to be accomplished. The ethical quality ought to be kept up in the CPM and HRM rehearses (Berman et al. 2012). The result of the activity decides if the activity is correct or wrong. Thusly, it tends to be said that the HRM and CPM practices ought to be altogether taking into account the necessities of human joy and the prosperity of the general public. In this way, the exercises ought to be done in a way that the general fulfillment is picked up by the workers and in general advancement is accomplished for the associations. End The article can be closed by saying that the acts of CPM and HPM are exceptionally natural in picking up the human satisfaction. The social duties of the associations ought to be focused on by all the associations. These issues should be displayed by the associations since they are working inside a social business condition. The human joy of the general public is of most extreme significance is essential for the general public and this must be picked up using any and all means. The endeavors to accomplish the human joy in the public eye ought to be irregular and the CPM and HRM exercises should lead the best approach to accomplish this. References Abernathy, W.B. what's more, Lattal, D., 2014. Authoritative conduct management.The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning, pp.645-668. Abraham, S., 2012. Occupation Satisfaction as an Antecedent to Employee Engagement.SIES Journal of Management,8(2). Berman, E.M., Bowman, J.S., West, J.P. what's more, Van Wart, M.R., 2012.Human asset the board out in the open help: Paradoxes,

The Effects of Sleep on General Fitness Research Paper

The Effects of Sleep on General Fitness - Research Paper Example Besides, with lack of sleep over like clockwork, execution additionally decreases in like manner (Bianchi 2014). Lack of sleep, in this way, legitimately impacts key execution zones, which straightforwardly influence one's body wellness. Therefore, it is fundamental to comprehend the rest examples and how they might be affected, or how thet may influence different wellness pointers. Analysts figured out how to direct an examination with information for more than 30 years of National Football League and reflected examples suggesting that the groups which went through three time zones during the evening time encountered an upset resting designs and upset exercise plans. Consequently, it was inferred that such groups were 67% bound to lose when contrasted with those with a tenacious resting designs. Additionally, concentrates likewise showed how competitors getting a decent 10 hours of rest mirror an upgraded muscle memory which straightforwardly improves the nature of moves took in the day preceding (Calten and Bruce 2009). Moreover, comparable examinations inferred that competitors who reliably get a rest for 10 hours showed improvement in setting to speed, quality, and dexterity alongside the response time. Besides, lack of sleep leads towards ceaseless maladies, that is , the individuals who don't get enough rest frequently display indications of diabetes, hype rtension, stoutness and other clinical issue identified with cardio-digestion and endocrine organs in the human body (Calten and Bruce 2009). All the more in this way, further research in the territory directs that regardless of whether the body endures a couple of days with no rest, it massively impacts the body's insulin levels to around 25 percent which drives them towards the pre-diabetic stage, likewise such people may pick up around 18 to 30 lb of weight in a significant number days. Studies have additionally indicated that troopers with less or no rest at all have likewise displayed diminished indications of capacities in marksmanship, mental just as physical execution

Make Paper Research More Effective With Some Trickery

Make Paper Research More Effective With Some TrickeryAs the research paper writer, you are responsible for improving the quality of the paper research performed by the other personnel in the lab. You are also responsible for developing a good rapport with the laboratory staff and for demonstrating the team's commitment to the project. It is your responsibility to have an impact on all lab members.In this case, when you see that the paper research is lacking, you will need to consider several options and tips that can help you improve the paper research. First, you will need to identify the problem. Once you find out what is wrong, then you will need to develop a solution. You will then need to incorporate these new ideas into the paper research so as to improve the quality of the paper research.One mistake that is often made by the researchers is that they take a particular area of the paper research and just do not pay attention to the research findings or results. In their haste, t hey end up changing the findings or even changing the information contained in the original report. Often, they end up making the research inferior in terms of the data and results. You should make sure that you consider this method when working on the research. This is often the major cause of the failure.If the research shows that a certain product is very beneficial for the customers and its brand, you should not go ahead and give it to the public without first assessing the research. All you need to do is ask the laboratory staff for suggestions and advice. You may also want to consider consulting with the laboratory manager to see if any suggestions are available. The best advice is to contact the experts to get their views on the product before you go ahead with it.If you really want to make the paper research more effective, you can add a variety of approaches to it. You should consider using several techniques and strategies. In addition, try to get an objective evaluation o f the results of the paper research.If the paper research shows that a particular brand is very effective in treating certain types of cancers, it is recommended that you use that brand to treat cancer. You can write the test to include the brand and the disease and then compare the results with the results obtained using other brands. While you will find it difficult to get this type of research done, it is one of the tricks that you can consider. Just keep in mind that there are some types of cancer that may have a common cause.You can use some of the tricks and tips mentioned above, when writing the paper research. This is because it will help you analyze the best approach to take and to get good results. The best way to make it work is to make use of the information and references provided by the lab management. This will be a great assistance for you.As a research paper writer, you will have to be able to convince others to accept your suggestions. Remember that you are part of the team and you should be able to promote the team's effort.

Impact of Science on Society - 38427 Words

THE IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON SOCIETY James Burke Jules Bergman Isaac Asimov NASA SP-482 THE IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON SOCIETY James Burke Jules Bergman Isaac Asimov Prepared by Langley Research Center Scientific and Technical Information Branch 1985 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC Library of Congress Cataloging in PublicationData Burke, James, 1936The impact of science on society. (NASA SP ; 482) Series of lectures given at a public lecture series sponsored by NASA and the College of William and Mary in 1983. 1 . Science-Social aspects-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Bergman, Jules. 11. Asimov, Isaac, 1920. 111. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. IV.College of William and Mary. V.†¦show more content†¦In many cases, it has been the awareness that change was even happening at all, the understanding that the solid base from which prediction was being made might be about as solid as quicksand. Even the most apparently immutable system or structure may be experiencing change even as you look at it. By change I mean, of course, not just change in the sense of bigger and better models and new ways of doing the same things you were doing before, but qualitative change in the structure and behavior of the society in which you live. I mean new philosophies as well as new gadgets. Ià ¢â‚¬â„¢m not saying that the appreciation of change is easy; far from it, particularly today. As one of your more respectable social forecasters said recently, â€Å"If you understand something today, that means it must by definition already be obsolete.† Our general relationship with the present accelerating rate of change reminds me of the postcard from the patient on holiday to his psychiatrist at home: â€Å"Having a wonderful time. 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Graduation Speech College Readiness - 1327 Words

Allgood 1 Erin Allgood prof. Walls English 1301 4 December 2014 College Readiness Students in today’s society are not adequately prepared in high school to enter and take on the challenges of college. Yet, millions of high school graduates dive right in because that is what they are expected to do. We are setting them up for failure by having this unrealistic expectation that students can succeed unprepared. According to The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, nearly 60% of all first-time college students in the United States discover that despite being fully eligible to attend college, they are not ready for postsecondary studies. There are numerous opportunities for students to prepare for college in high school. Such as dual credit and advanced placement courses that even offer students a chance to receive college credit upon completion. Many high schools offer college preparatory classes that teach students how to manage their time, study, take notes, and even how to survive on a college budget. One could complain that college is too expensive, but there are numerous forms of financial aid, scholarships, and grants available. So what is the big deal? Dennis Ahlburg (President of Trinity University) believes that the importance of college should not be overlooked and is â€Å"well worth it.† But, if students are not taking these resources seriously are they actually helping? Is the â€Å"Cost of College Well Worth it† straight out of high school though? W.J.Show MoreRelated College or Univeristy Graduation Speech Essays798 Words   |  4 Pageswere listening to a speech, and, like, you wanted to enjoy it†¦ what would you want to hear? And these several people all had the same reply, Don’t be boring. So, that was a really big help. 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The Lgbt Community Of China - 1363 Words

LGBT in China---a Thriving But Hidden Community Thriving, roaring, and booming, the LGBT community in China, though never being discussed by official publicly, is not only an amorous and romantic theme in the ancient Chinese literature but also a revolutionary topic in nowadays society. Since the Republic of China was established, homosexuality started to be condemned as a deviant from the social norm. Because of that, the battle of gay’s right is determined to leave an indelible landmark in the new chapter of the Republic of China. Despite the fact that there is no religious opposition to homosexuality in mainland China, the general population is extremely intolerant of the LGBT community; however the LGBT movement in China is steady and progressive, as shown by the millennials’ supportive view and nearby countries’ legalization of gay marriage. As the most common religion in China, Buddhism does not denounce homosexuality in regard to its traditional teaching. In general, Buddhism emphasizes harmony and love and encourages forgiveness. Buddha’s five precepts state that as long as love is â€Å"consensual, affectionate and loving, sex is fine† (â€Å"Jain†). Therefore, in the Buddhist philosophy, homosexuality is not a distinct topic that is worth mentioning. However, in 2007, Dalai Lama, one of the dominant leaders of Tibetan Buddhism, â€Å"rejected same-sex relationships to the surprise of many convert Buddhists, who sometimes too easily assume that Buddhist ethics areShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Is A Powerful Impact On Their Lives1170 Words   |  5 Pagesorientation. Sadly, the number is so large, even we cannot begin to grasp at it. Same-sex marriage is marriage between people of the same sex. People who have different sexual orientation are considered being a part of the LGBT, the lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender community. Everyone should be accepted for who they are and be allowed to marry who they want. 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Literature review of Reckon QuickBooks Accounting Software in Austra

Question: Discuss about the Literature review of Reckon QuickBooks for Accounting Software in Australia. Answer: Introduction The small business accounting and book keeping software has been used in all forms of business enterprise (Broughton 2012). The small to large sized business enterprises have been using Accounting software for forming and marinating the accounts and databases. The accounting software and it use has become very reasonable. Schorr et al. (2013) have argued that the accounting software can be implemented for all the transaction processing and it is vital for small industries. The accounting software can be used for supporting the accounting abilities of the small enterprises. The literature review of Reckon QuickBooks as one of the accounting software system can be done for analyzing the role of accounting software in the management of accounting system of small enterprises. The market size of Australia can be summarized into the development and adoption criteria of the leaders of the market. The study would help in identifying the gaps of the use of accounting software in small business structure. History of Reckon accounting software Reckon was founded and created in 1987 for small scale enterprise. It facilitated the basic credit card and loan activities at the initial phase. In 1993, Reckon Quicken was introduced in Australia and a new history was made. It helped in developing the personal finance software in Australia (Reckon Australia. 2016). In the year 1994, Reckon QuickBooks was unleashed in the Australian market. It started being used for as major business software in small and medium business enterprises. In the year 1998, Reckon was expanded to New Zealand and South East Asia. In the year in 1999, Reckon increases the list to 167% and the software usage increased exponentially. The strategic partnership rose for Reckon QuickBooks by practice management software in APS. 70% of the companies around the countries started using this Reckon QuickBooks for three of the four accounting firm. In 2004, Reckon QuickBooks had been named the best accounting software and it added the lineup for desktop super (Parate Jain and Kim 2016). Reckon QuickBooks added docs and bill back in worlds largest law firms. Reckon QuickBooks launched hosted the best comprehensive software for larger business growth in the market. In 2012, massive branding and virtual document management by Reckon QuickBooks quicken online. The automated data entry started in 2013 and Reckon One as online accounting software. Reckon QuickBooks has launched software in UK market. Development and adoption of Reckon QuickBooks Development of Reckon QuickBooks The development of Reckon QuickBooks has been accelerated with the development of technology. It is possible for implementing the Reckon QuickBooks in every size of enterprise. The programming tools and development skills must be improved for forming an effective and efficient accounting processing tools (Parate Jain and Kim 2016). It has been developed with the help of integration and features over the same platform. Reckon QuickBooks was initially suitable for small scale enterprise operations. They have started adopting various features for supporting the accounting system. They have promoted many users with the accounting software they use. There are various tools for facilitating the processing with the accounting system (Reckon Australia. 2016). They have started using cloud system for promoting the facilities of accounting system using remote access. Remote access, outsourcing, electronic payment system and payroll system have been introduced in Reckon QuickBooks for the accou nting and business proactive system (Schorr et al. 2013). Finally the system was adopted and developed for all scales of industry. Figure 1: Development of Reckon QuickBooks (Source: Go.reckon.com 2016) Adopted technologies of Reckon QuickBooks Reckon QuickBooks has introduced many technologies for satisfying the customers. Additional track system for duration of activities, remotely accessing the accounting data and electronic payment system. The features of Reckon QuickBooks are, More than one users: Reckon QuickBooks has formed and introduced the system for more than one users (Go.reckon.com 2016). It has helped in promoting the users with the multiple access from many systems. Effective and efficient user system and controlling of the system has been developed. Scalability: Reckon QuickBooks can operate on a very large scale and also in smaller scale (Reckon Australia. 2016). The accounting data could be stored and the database can be scaled as per requirement. Hence it useful for performance enhancement and sustainability development. Market size of Reckon QuickBooks in Australia Reckon QuickBooks has been commonly used software package for managing the accounting transactions of many enterprises in Australia (Huy 2014). The companies have started using Reckon QuickBooks for keeping records of their transactions (either sales or purchases) and calculating profit or loss at the year end. Reckon QuickBooks has competition market with Xero, MYOB and Intuit QuickBooks. All those three are the major market holder of Australia. However Reckon QuickBooks also capture a considerable market share of accounting software using companies of Australia. The accounting software package has primary objective of expanding their business operations and customers (Rafaeli 2014). Reckon QuickBooks has introduced number of options for providing support to the customers. The target of the company is to capture market from the rival Xero an MYOB accounting system. Identifying the accounting software leaders of Australian market The accounting software market of Australia has been distributed among the three large software system in Xero, MYOB and Intuit QuickBooks. However, Reckon QuickBooks also cover a considerable market share (Huy 2014). The Australian market is dominated by Xero and MYOB. The smaller market enterprise uses Reckon QuickBooks for most of the accounting operations. Xero has covered almost 60 % of the market followed by MYOB and QuickBooks at 13% and 17% respectively. The market share of Reckon QuickBooks covers almost 7% of the total accounting market of Australia (Rafaeli 2014). In large scale business enterprise CA, VAR and SAP dominate the market. Figure 2: Leaders of accounting software market in Australian (Source: Easterly and Pennings 2014) Competitive advantage by Reckon QuickBooks against other accounting software Reckon QuickBooks has less market coverage than other accounting software marketing. The remote access and cloud service provided by Reckon QuickBooks has helped in gaining small scale market condition (David and David 2016). Most of the accounting software that are used by the enterprises of Australia does not provide remote access. The Reckon QuickBooks has easy and simple user interface for configuration. The software setup of Reckon QuickBooks has easy setup procedure and maintenance for user access. It has helped in beckoning the software applications and getting edge of competition over the rivals. The shortcuts and accuracy of the accounting software is beneficial for reducing the errors of financial transactions and expenses of the using company (Lim and Perrin 2014). Hence most of the enterprises are using Reckon QuickBooks for managing the operations of their transactions. Identification of the gaps and challenges in Reckon QuickBooks The major gaps and challenges that are faced by the application of Reckon QuickBooks are threat from the rival companies and security. The security lacks in the Reckon QuickBooks for maintaining the privacy of transactions data (David and David 2016). The cost factor has played an important role for decreasing the use of Reckon QuickBooks by accounting software users. The accounting software leaders like Xero and MYOB act as a threat for Reckon QuickBooks and it market supremacy (Hossack 2015). Most of the organization has not been utilized for all enterprises. The accounting software has threat from many of the competing and rival companies. Recommendations Security improvement: Reckon QuickBooks would have to improve its inbuilt security system. However, the users of Reckon QuickBooks would have to investigate on the security architecture of data as well for its application. Increasing online activities: Reckon QuickBooks have to implement and improve the online services for gaining market condition. The features could have been used for improving the online and accounting distribution system of Reckon QuickBooks. Conclusion The literature review of Reckon QuickBooks had helped in understanding the role of the accounting software system. It has been analyzed for analyzing the role of accounting software in the management of accounting system of small enterprises. The study had helped in identifying the gaps of the use of accounting software in small business structure. The primary motive of the implementing the Reckon QuickBooks in small scale industries and enterprises for gaining the fame and name of the accounting software. Reckon QuickBooks has provided the market enterprises with the ease of more accuracy of the accounting software system. The challenges of Reckon QuickBooks consist of privacy and security issue that can be solved by implementing architecture of the company. The issues solved can be sorted out and it would improve the security and dataflow of the software. Reckon QuickBooks has targeted to improve the market capture and form their own online service. References Broughton, P.D., 2012. The Start Uprising: Eighteen Months of the Startup America Partnership.Available at SSRN 2186472. David, F. and David, F.R., 2016. Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Easterly, W. and Pennings, S., 2014. How much do leaders explain growth? An exercise in growth accounting.Unpublished manuscript. Go.reckon.com. (2016).Reckon API Integration. [online] Available at: https://go.reckon.com/api-developers/ [Accessed 4 Sep. 2016]. Hossack, S., 2015. Cloud-based accounting and productivity tools for practitioners and taxpayers.Taxation in Australia,50(5), p.265. Huy, D.T.N., 2014. Impacts of External Financing on The Risk Level of Viet Nam Software Industry During and After The Global Crisis 2007-2009. Lim, N. and Perrin, B., 2014. Standard Business Reporting in Australia: Past, Present, and Future.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,18(3). Parate, A., Jain, P. and Kim, K.H., 2016. Reckon: An Analytics Framework for App Developers. Rafaeli, S., 2014. Advertising to finance software: the feasibility of soapware.The Economics of Information Systems and Software, p.44. Reckon Australia. (2016). Reckon | Accounting, Business Bookkeeping Software. [online] Available at: https://www.reckon.com/au/ [Accessed 4 Sep. 2016]. Schorr, M., Sylvester, M., Dopf, G., Henrich, D., Liebich, G., Conrad, M., Reccius, A., Klein, M., Hohendorf, M., Roesinger, A. and Soltek, R., 2013.Providing accounting software application as enterprise services. U.S. Patent 8,442,850

20 Finance Research Project Topics on Real Estate

20 Finance Research Project Topics on Real Estate If a Google search brings you to the page which you are currently reading - this page - then it means you are either having some difficulties coming up with finance research topics in the real estate industry for your academic or corporate project. And if that is definitely the case, then you have just found a gold mine for this was written just for you. Today’s article is the second part in the series of articles discussing finance in the real estate sector and the important role having some financial backing plays for both parties who take part in making the sector grow. In the article preceding this, some important facts covering the subject of finance and real estate were outlined to help project writers discuss intelligently on the topic. This follow-up will not only provide 20 topics but will also include a sample research project that expatriates on one of the provided topics to serve as a sample for anyone confused on how to proceed with his or her project. Lastly, a set of guidelines on understanding time management and its importance when writing or handling a research project will be provided to help you efficiently create something brilliant that will guarantee you earn top marks. So shall we begin? The Importance of Finance to the Real Estate Industry The Impact of a Fluctuating Economy on the Real Estate Industry The 2007 Economic Recession and Its Effect on Real Estate Sources of Real Estate Finance and Their Impact on Society Real Estate Investment and the Role of Commercial Banks Real Estate Investment and the Impact of Credit Unions Problems of Financing Real Estate in the United States Corporate Loans and Commercial Real Estate Financing Analysing the Challenges and Prospects in Real Estate Investing Fundamentals of Real Estate Financing Models Disentangling the Geography of Finance and Real Estate Real Estate Finance and Investment Fundamentals How the Mortgage Constant Works in Real Estate Finance Real Estate Finance Investments Risks and Opportunities Real Estate Equity and Debt Financing The Role of Banks, Equity Markets, and Institutional Investors in Developing Real Estate Policy Framework for Building Sustainable Real Estate Markets Real Estate Market Developments the Financial Sector Protecting Value in Real Estate: Managing Investment Risks The Language of Commercial Real Estate Finance Choosing a finance research project topic in real estate has never been made easier than this for here are 20 excellent topics you can consider using or modifying for your own project. These topics are quite easy to work on due to the large amount of research materials out there covering each and every outlined topic. As stated earlier, more help is on the way in getting you started on writing your own project and this will be in the form of a sample research project which takes its direction from one of the topics provided on the list. Sample Essay: The Impact of a Fluctuating Economy on the Real Estate Industry The real estate sector is one that plays an important role in the quality of life experienced in a country and this is why governments all around the world ensure that policies are put in place to help its citizens secure real estate for both commercial and residential buildings within legal frameworks. My research paper will focus on exploring the impact of a nation’s economy on its real estate sector, using facts and figures to show that fluctuations in any economy will affect the pricing and cost of owning a home in the affected society. The real estate sector has always been responsible for a considerable amount of a nation’s GDP and in China, statistics show that an increase in the pricing of real estate structures and lands led to an increase in the reported GDP in that time period. These studies which were conducted in 2009, showed that due to a growth in China’s economy, expenditure from its real estate sector accounted for 7.5% of its GDP- up from 3.5% in 1997- which inevitably led to an increase in the pricing of its real estate assets by approximately 16% between the years 1997 to 2009. Also, in the United States, the great recession which occurred between the year 2007 to 2009 saw a 5% drop of the US GDP and this led to a corresponding loss in the value of real estate assets in the US by approximately 20 to 50% across board. The great recession not only led to a loss of real estate value but massive foreclosures due to inability to re-pay loans occurred across the country. And by 2009, the foreclosure problem was so bad that the US witnessed more foreclosures than marriages through the year. The banking sector- which is the financial backbone of the real estate sector- also follows the fluctuation trend outlined above. Studies show that during a time of economic growth, commercial banks look favourably on extending loan facilities to aid real estate purchases while in times of recession, the opposite occurs. An apt example was the availability of 100% loan facilities made available for buyers during the economic boom of the 90’s and the gloom that followed after during the 2007 recession. This trend is the one that continued for generations and does not look like it’s going to stop anytime soon. Thereby proving that the status of a nation’s economy influences its real estate industry in direct proportion and a strong economy will give birth to a solid real estate sector just as a weak economy will negatively affect the value of real estate assets during the same duration. Due to the fact that the primary lenders - banks - of money to the real estate industry as well as unemployment rates and job cuts reflect negatively on a nation’s GDP and this trickles down across all industries including the real estate sector. Here we come to the end of the 2nd article in our series on research project topics on the subject of finance in real estate. We hope this article provided some answers to your questions and for more clarification on writing a project, do not hesitate to read the third article in the proposed series as well as our initial piece 10 facts on finance research. References: Baker, H Peter, C. (2012). Public Real Estate Markets and Investments, 170-175. https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=ltf1AwAAQBAJpg=PA175lpg=PA175dq=real+estate+finance+and+investments+pdfsource=blots=K_z9ncTJersig=WeBvUdBfGLnKwi2rvVwRrX3ILxohl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwi0jdq405nOAhVpCsAKHTaXCho4ChDoAQhIMAY#v=onepageq=real%20estate%20finance%20and%20investments%20pdff=false Tracey, S. (2007). Introduction to Real Estate Finance and Investment. http://classic.marshall.usc.edu/assets/031/8122.pdf Wang, K. (2007). The Interaction between Real Estate and National Economy. Coulson, E. Kim, S. (2000). Residential investment, non-residential investment and GDP. Real Estate Economics, 28(2). Geng, X. Xie, C. (2006). Research of relationship between Chinas real estate investment and the national economy. National Bureau of Statistics. (2006). Chinas fixed asset investment statistics Code. Beijing: China Statistics Press. Emoh, I. Nwachukwu, C.   (2011). Critical Issues In Real Estate Finance as an Index in Building Construction Project Management Success in Nigeria

Technology and Language essays

Technology and Language essays ?Language and words are the most important intangible things we have as humans. Having the ability to communicate abstract ideas with others by making sounds with our mouths is what sets us apart from other Earth-walking animals, and is quite incredible when you think about it. However, when the times change, language changes right with it. We are now in what is called the Age of Technology and the major increase in use of the internet, mobile devices and TV has created a whole new set of words that are being looked at as detrimental to traditional language. I do not think the language of new media is corrupting communication but helping, and the idea that it is helping comes from a bias towards younger people. People are generally afraid of change. So its understandable why someone who grew up talking a certain way, would be quick to be against the way a new generation was talking. Older people feel as if the words that new media have introduced to our culture are slang and are making us dumb because its taking over the traditional way of speaking and writing English. If everyone had this mindset, we would still be speaking like Shakespeare. In the video Tweets, Texts by Professor David Crystal, he disproves the common myths of modern vernacular. Crystal talks about how this new language is not really used as much as believed, and that they do not hurt peoples ability to write and communicate in a formal setting. Through a classroom study, Crystal found that those students who used the language of new media the most actually received higher marks on written assignments. So perhaps new language is not hurting, but in fact helping. A big part of the movement against the new language that mass media and technology have created is a bias towards younger people, who are the ones that use it the most. People fail to realize that just because someone is young, d...

Synthesis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Synthesis paper - Essay Example On the other hand, where justice is not present, then the laws cannot be followed by men who wish to live by such higher moral laws, and they have a duty to resist them without violence, even if it leads to personal suffering and jail. There is the sense in both King and Thoreau of making use of this higher inner moral compass to subvert what they see as the evils of their time, slavery and an unjust war campaign on the part of Thoreau, and the discrimination and systematic marginalization of African Americans suffering from centuries of slavery on the part of King. In both men the vision is that human laws are only to be followed where they conform to universal moral laws. The individual too and the respect given to the individual’s human rights and dignity are the proper starting points of any government crafting laws. Where society, government and the law disrespect human rights and debase individual liberties, then men have no obligation to follow those laws at all, but ar e free within their own individual capacities to resist the law and to go against society. This paper asserts therefore that one can read into the works of the two men the intention to lay out the foundations of moral action in society: people being able to immediately live with integrity and totally within their own individual capacities to live according to those higher moral laws. This is regardless of what is happening on the outside- regardless of whether governments and societies are enlightened or unenlightened in moral terms. The rest of the paper integrates the two writings in the context of this latter thesis (Thoreau; King). King notes that during the time of Hitler in Germany, all of his actions were legal, but his actions were not just. The plight of the Jews in Germany has become a clichà ©, but worth mentioning here, in that the Jews were victims of massive

Media Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Ethics - Case Study Example The media house’s reporter went ahead and released the story on Ashe’s health condition overseas prior to Ashe’s consent which forced the athlete to publicly admit his health condition when he was not yet prepared. The actions of the reporter were not in line with how journalists even back them ought to have conducted themselves especially in regards to moral and ethical duties as a major newspaper like USA Today. The chief ethical issue that arose out of this case had to do with the reporter’s express refusal to wait a little longer before publishing the story. The reason that he gave for doing exactly this was that the public needed to get to know this information. These actions of the reporter did not serve any level of good informative justice to Arthur Ashe (Foreman, 2010). There are various ethical facts that a reporter or journalist has to take into consideration before making an ethical decision as regards to Arthur Ashe’s case. One thing that we have to consider also is that the athlete put himself out there in the public domain the moment he decided to be a professional tennis player and become one of the leading opponents of the South African apartheid regime. A journalist could have therefore argued that a person of such social standing could be appropriately considered as a celebrity and social icon (Foreman, 2010). The other fact that had to be considered was that Ashe being an athlete, he had connections and obligations to his sponsors or some media outlets. This therefore means that he was contractually obligated to maintain a specific image. All these factors mean that he had to maintain some form of responsibility to his sponsors and fans in social and economic terms as well. The person to whom a journalist is responsible to will always tend to change depending on the circumstance. Journalists always tend to state that they are ultimately

Juvenile Boot Camps Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Boot Camps Essay Correctional boot camps for juveniles, as well as for adults, focus on structure, discipline and physical and/or mental challenge. The experiences of the offenders in the programs are anticipated to change them in a positive way so that their future criminal activities will be reduced. The mechanism for this change is attributed to various factors such as self-esteem or increased bonds with staff and peers. Some also expect that these punitive programs will discourage others from committing crimes or that the individuals who spend time in the programs will be deterred from future criminal activities. There are basically three types of boot camps: the military drilling style that focuses on strict discipline; the rehabilitative approach; and the educational/vocational model. In 1985 the first juvenile boot camp was established in Orleans Parish, Louisiana. In 1987, only four state correctional system boot camp programs existed. In 1992 there were three pilot juvenile boot camps started in Ohio, Colorado, and Alabama. The offenders sent to these locations were non-violent offenders less than 18 years of age, and were to complete a three-month residential program and six to nine month aftercare program. However, there were reports of a lack of consistency and coordination in the aftercare programs which lead to substandard results as opposed to those high intentions of lower recidivism. By 1993 there were forty-six reported in thirty states. This number grew increasingly to boast 75 facilities for juveniles by 1997, in 33 states. These figures represent only official state facilities, and do not include private camps and those established by local jurisdictions. If the figures included these facilities run by other jurisdictions and private persons the number would be significantly higher. The idea of juvenile boot camps is much newer than adult faculties, although, in Texas alone their Juvenile Probation Department approved eighteen proposals to construct juvenile facilities across the state (Tyler, 2001). There are several elements of juvenile boot camps which include a regimented military-style program, strict discipline and rules, young, first-time nonviolent inmates, and programs that offer a shorter alternative to prison sentences. These elements can be altered in order to form different methods of treatment within the camps. The goals vary within each program, but effectively they are all similar. They range to include incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, reduction of prison costs and crowding, and punishment. Each program varies these goals in order to obtain the maximum positive potential results possible (Keenan Barry, 1994). Rates of recidivism can be dependant on the types of offenders allowed to participate in the program, and therefore these participants are controlled for in order to make the programs look desirable to continue to obtain public support and funding from the state. There are several people that play a role in deciding the participants of the program. These players include the sentencing judge, the correctional authority operating the boot camp, or a combination of the two. Another factor that plays a role in participant selection is the participant themselves. These young offenders are able to choose to participate in the boot camp or endure a longer period in incarceration. Surprisingly there are a majority of offenders that choose incarceration over the tough boot camps (Selcraig, 2000). There are several issues that arise when studying boot camps. One needs to understand how to make boot camps effective in order to reduce the risk of reoffending after completion of the program. The camps used to be considered as scaring children senseless and it was thought that this idea scared the children not to re-offend. Now there has been more studies and researchers realize that this method needs to be mixed with treatment and aftercare in order to be an effective tool of punishment and treatment. Despite common wisdom holding that nothing works to alter a life of crime, programs can achieve rehabilitation by emphasizing problem-solving skills and anti criminal role-modelling. (Castellano) Another alternative to community supervision are halfway houses or partial community confinement, designed to provide help to the offender in being reintegrated into the community. These alternatives are also thought to increase rehabilitation and incapacitation, but at the same time they will increase the costs of rehabilitating the offender. This method combined with assistance in finding a job, counselling, and length of time monitored should prove effective in reducing re-offending. Monitoring comes in the form of electronic monitoring, and urinalysis. However, if these new methods prove to be more effective if combined as an aftercare program with the boot camp then it is a necessary tool that should be provided to the offender. There should be no cost too big in rehabilitating the offender because not only is it the offenders future at stake but possibly the publics too because it is thought that they usually re-offend with more serious crimes. The research on juvenile boot camps suggests that completion rates were high in the first year of the program, but research on aftercare programs suggests that nearly half of those who graduated to the aftercare phase dropped out, were arrested for a new offence, or were discharged for not complying with the programs rules. It was reported that in March 1992, every existing program was equipped with the necessary tools to provide education and/or drug-abuse treatment, although they were not originally equipped to do so. However, there is a belief that the effectiveness of boot camps as a deterrent to recidivism is less effective than the public believes. Further research must focus not so much on why the rate of recidivism is so high, but rather on how the boot camp program itself deters those who do not recidivate. There are several reasons that researchers attempt to use in order to defend the use of boot camps. They argue that the high recidivism rates can be accountable by a number of reasons. For example, they claim that the high rates are because some of the graduates were re-arrested for violent or aggressive crimes that they committed before boot camp, but the system was not aware of these crimes before assignment. They also claim that when the programs were started there was a huge backlog of high-risk youths in the system, so the boot camps received some of the worst offenders and can not be to blame for the high recidivism (Szalavitz, 2002). This point can be argued because isnt the program supposed to rehabilitate the offender? Does it matter if the offender is considered high-risk? The program operators are claiming success rates in order to obtain funding and continued support, however, they are saying that certain offenders can not be rehabilitated. It is not fair for someone else to decide whether or not someone is able to be rehabilitated without giving them a chance to prove themselves. No two people are alike and different people respond differently to treatments. There are also other negative aspects to these alternative measures of incarceration. There are several incidents of reported deaths caused by unnecessary roughness or physical exertion at these boot camps. Barry Krisberg, president of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency in Oakland believes that boot camps are poorly regulated, and notes that many camps require counsellors who have gone through the program themselves, meaning many have criminal records, and are left in charge of the children. This does not seem like an appropriate method for dealing with the children. Leaving them with counsellors with criminal records seems like an accident waiting to happen. Who is to say these counsellors are treated and reformed, especially after all the research indicating the possibilities of reoffending after the programs (Sharp, 1995). As well, there are reports of younger inmates being sexually assaulted, and one could assume others are physically assaulted by older inmates. According to an article published in 2000, there are at least half a dozen children that have died in boot camps, and other investigations have concluded that hundreds of others have been put through emotional and physical abuse (West, 2000). The costs of boot camps run an average of ten times higher than the cost of a juvenile on probation, according to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. The average cost of each youth enrolled in a boot camps program runs about $93/day. These figures range from $65/day at the Boys and Girls Clubs of Greater Mobile Alabama, to $120/day at the Second Chance in Connell, Washington. This works out to be approximately $33,480 per year per youth. Also in comparison, Kansas, which does not currently have boot camps, spends $47,400 per year per youth housing an offender in an institution (Tyler, 2001). There is also research suggesting the validity of the boot camps and their success in rehabilitating young offenders. The researchers claim that if there was an increase in the number of paid staff it would increase the number, quality, and intensity of training and rehabilitative programs within the camp. However, a downfall to this is the increase in funding that would be necessary to keep the programs up and running. Another idea that has been suggested is the multi-use of locations- using an existing prison site and incorporating the boot camps into the same location. They believe this would also decrease recidivism because it would serve as a deterrent when the offender saw the option of jail as another form of punishment and realized how unappealing it is. Colorado, North Dakota and Arizona have ended their boot camp programs, Georgia is phasing them out, and Florida and California are cutting back. This all due to the fact that there continues to be a lot of controversy over the effectiveness of the boot camps and whether or not they are effective in reducing recidivism and helping the offender to become a responsible contributing member of society. Along similar lines of boot camps, are another fairly new idea of programs. These programs are more interested in treatment and provide more education, as opposed to using the military-style punishment. One such programs sends recruits to spend a weekend with the U. S Marine Corps, learning obedience to orders and discipline. Researchers criticize this method of program because they believe that since their disobedient behaviour took time to develop, it will take more than a weekend to cure their negative behaviour (Tyler, 2001). Upon reading most of the information it seems as though a general question seems to arise- if it is the aftercare that ultimately determines whether the offender is likely to re-offend, is the boot camp necessary or can we skip right to the aftercare portion? This is an interesting question because it questions the authority of the state to spend the money on the boots camps if they cannot even be linked to reduced recidivism. Further research needs to be done into the effectiveness of these camps because it needs to be discovered whether or not they can reduce recidivism. If in fact the camps are not responsible for the rehabilitation or scared straight technique, but it is due for example, to the aftercare, then we need to focus more attention on this. It is very important to obtain the most effective results possible so that we can help these troubled youths to lead a more productive and fulfilling life. As it stands now, the aftercare focuses on reintegration into the community, using a counsellor. This counsellor includes the family and community when assessing their method of care. After a program is made to suit the individual, there is strict supervision, used in conjunction with rewards and sanctions available to the successful candidate (Begin, 1996). There is no data on the effectiveness of the facility. All in all, the use of juvenile boot camps are a highly criticized and often highly respected means of treating and punishing the young offender. Their use has been criticized often for not reducing recidivism rates and their abuse of participants. However, any reduction in recidivism should be looked at as a positive because it is one less youth who is going to endure a life of crime, and one less youth who is committing a crime and harming the general public. Because a lot of the facilities are responsible for reducing recidivism, boot camps are still in use today. Overall, although there is negative data related to the use of boot camps, there is also a lot of rewarding experiences and positive outcomes. These experiences allow for the continuation of the programs and continued improvements in the aftercare are being made to better the services of the boot camps to improve the rehabilitation process of the young offender. References Begin, Patricia. (1996). Boot Camps: Issues for Consideration. Ontario: Library of Parliament- Research Branch. Keenan, John; Barry, R. (1994, March). Measuring the Military Atmosphere of Boot Camps. Federal Probation, 58, (1), 67-71.

Inclusion or Exclusion in The Crucible Essay -- Essay on The Crucible

Much of The Crucible by Arthur Miller was about being part of a group. What is it to belong to a group? Is it really that simple when someone says, "Either you're with us or you're not"? Yes, it is that simple. Belonging and exclusion in any situation are two sides of the same coin - you can't have one without the other. In any organization or group, people are bound together by a community of interest, purpose or function and if you do not believe in these same things, then you are not a part of that group. In an organization or group, you have to ask yourself, "What is it to be a part of this particular group, what does it take to belong?" It takes following the rules of the group, agreeing with their purpose, obeying their authorities and the ability to go the length for their cause. In The Crucible, if the characters did not abide as part of the group, the Christian Church, then the consequences were fatal. The Crucible told of what is was to be a scapegoat i n their society and what it took to defend themselves from becoming that scapegoat. To remind people in an organization why they belong takes continued focus on a common goal or common belief. By having one main function, a group is generally more effective than if everyone has different ideas and outlooks on specific topics. However, to keep everyone on the same page, the members of a group need to accurately know where they stand in reference to their goal. One way to do this is through social facilitation. This is the concern of self image through the presence of other people. It's a concept that allows members to know the acceptable opinions of the group. Someone who agrees to the ideas set out from the organization. "Group polarization is the concept of changing personal opinions to extremities after a group discussion.(Johnson 13)" This concept eliminates members who aren't sure what they think of the group's purpose. They decide that either they agree completely or they disagree completely. Either way it means they decide if they are in or out after the group discussion. A common goal is one way to distinguish and separate the devoted members from the questionable individuals in a group. High cohesiveness is an effective tool in the success and effectiveness of an organization. However, in order for ... ... truth, denying her involvement as a witch, but be hung anyway for "lying" under oath. On the other hand, an innocent victim could lie and confess her involvement as a witch, accuse another witch instead and be let "off the hook". However, if the innocent victim lied and confess, but wasn't willing to turn in another witch, she would be hung anyway. (Starkey, 17) This created quite an ironic situation coming from a Christian based community of purity and holiness. Exclusion is about scapegoating and denying the truth or reality to oneself. A scapegoat is a person made to bear the blame for others, an escape from dealing with one's responsibility. The scapegoat lets one rationalize bad situations and blind oneself from the reality of that situation. No one saw the reality in Salem and no one even tried. They were all too caught up in trying to find someone else to blame for their fears and problems. However, organizations tend to do that too. They create an opposition or enemy so they can use it later to their own advantage, making themselves seem more powerful. So the question goes back to, "Are you in? Or are you out?"

Ethics and Social Responsibilities of Business Essay

It is cardinal fact that the â€Å"emergence of management as a distinct and identifiable activity in the modern era has had an important impact on the society with which it developed† (Massie 29). Even during the early the early days of the 20th century, most of the business corporations were predominantly concerned with their singular objective of profit maximization. As a matter of stark reality, business corporations are open system and, resultantly, they need to continuously interact with the society. Hence, many social activists began to question this singular motive of organization during the later part of the previous century. Many scholars like Bowen, pointed out that since the corporations drive their existence from the society, it must possess certain obligations towards the betterment of the later. Gradually, in the modern times, business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) became a ‘science of conduct’ for almost all the business units (McNamara).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In very simple terms, business ethics is a â€Å"study of morality and standards of conducts† (Fred and Richard, 480). By the term ‘ethics’ we generally used to refer to the rules or principles which define right and wrong code of conduct. According to Walton, â€Å"business ethics is concerned with truth and justice and has variety of aspects such as expectations of the society, fair competition, advertizing, public relations, social responsibilities, consumer autonomy, and corporate behavior in the home country as well as abroad† (qtd. in Paul, 66).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the modern era, the expectations and demand of the customer’s and the society as a whole has changed a lot, and hence, most of the business organizations have become more and more aware of their ethical and social responsibilities towards their interest groups. According to Kenneth R. Andrews, the term ethical and social responsibility mean the â€Å"intelligent and objective concern for the welfare of society that restraints individual and corporate behavior from ultimately destructive activities, no matter how immediately profitable, and leads in the direction of positive contribution to human betterment† (qtd. in Ray 24). Thus along with promoting its own interests, business should always behave in a responsible manner towards the interests and betterment of its employees, customers, creditors, government, shareholders and the society as a whole. Thus, as Davis and Robert have rightly observed, â€Å"corporate social responsibility indicates the management’s commitment towards upholding the interests of direct stakeholders and to behave in an economically and environmentally responsible manner† (Davis and Robert, 1975). To What Extent Should Business be involved in fulfilling Social Obligations For more than two centuries, the debate has still been going on about whether business should possess social and ethical responsibilities towards the society. If so, then the question naturally arrives – to what extent business should involve itself towards the betterment and welfare of the former? An analysis of facts and arguments are sure to make this point crystal clear. These are discussed hereunder as follows: Arguments against Businesses’ Involvements:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First of all, the principal objective of business is to generate profit and, hence, any involvement in social affairs or much ethical behavior is surely directed against this motive. In the views of Milton Friedman, only people can have responsibilities; business as a whole, considered as artificial person, cannot be expected to possess such responsibilities. The only responsibility that business should have is to maximize its profits (Friedman 1970).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, businesses have to incur excessive cost for any social involvements. But, where from this cost will come? This cost is generally adjusted by increasing the selling price of goods produced and services rendered by the business. Hence, â€Å"the corporate executives would be spending someone else’s money for a general social interest† (Friedman 1970). Hence, as a result of businesses’ involvement in social affairs, the society itself has to bear the burden of this excess cost. As Levitt puts it, the results would be socially less desirable than the previous days when firms were predominantly concerned with their only objective of profit-maximization (1958).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thirdly, since any social involvements is sure to increase the price of products, the MNCs operating at overseas markets may face stiff competition from the local counterparts which may not be involved in fulfilling ethical and social obligations. This may create an weakened international balance of payments (BoP).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fourthly, too much social involvements may immensely enhance the power and authority of business through political and social means itself. This can ultimately corrupt them in the subsequent times (Richard and Fred 480).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fifthly, business executive lacks social skills and are not effective in handling social affairs. According to Friedman, the managers should concentrate on what they know the best – ‘how to make profits’ (1970).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, there are no specifically defined parameters of ethical and social responsibility. â€Å"What does it mean to say that the corporate executive has a ‘social responsibility?† (Friedman 1970). There is no agreement that clearly defines what type of social, ethical and moral responsibilities that businesses should undertake. Arguments for Social and Ethical Responsibilities: The modern world has witnessed a drastic change in the expectations of the society. First of all, every business organization is a part of the social system. It earns its profits from the society in which it operates. Organizations should, therefore, always consider the impacts of its decisions on the society. Since businesses earn their profits from the society, the former must possess certain responsibilities to the later. Secondly, both the society and business are equally benefited when a symbiotic relationship exists between the two. The society gains through economic developments and reduction of unemployment rate, and, on the other hand, business is benefited through the customers and workforce supplied by the society. Thirdly, a positive social image helps the business to increase its brand image in the eye of the consumers and thereby increasing the number its loyal customers. A favorable public image helps the business to attract and retain skillful employees, great investors etc. Fourthly, a favorable public image helps the business to avoid the vigil eyes of the government and other regulatory agencies. It certainly provides greater independence and flexibility in the mode of their operations. Fifthly, social responsibility involves the conservation of natural resources which is very much beneficial not only to the society, but also for the business itself. Many products, like cans, bottles etc., which were considered as wastes in the earlier days, can now be recycled and profitably used. Sixthly, business possess considerable amount of power and authority – the exercise of this power should be balanced through a simultaneous display of ethical responsibility. Finally, business should prevent social problems for its own interests. Instead of allowing large scale unemployment leading to social political unrest, which can eventually spoil the operations of business in the subsequent times, business organization can rather become the source of employment for qualified and eligible people. Social and Ethical Responsibility on Interests Groups The International Seminar on Social Responsibility of Business has rightly observed that business corporations should be responsible to the following interests groups: Shareholders: The shareholders provide the prime resources i.e. the capital to the business for its existence, growth and development. Hence, the later must protect interests of the former. Employees: Employees are the most important assets for any organizations. It is through the employees that the business runs itself. In the earlier days, the management regarded its employees as only a factor of production and, therefore, denied their true rights. However, modern managements have rightly understood that unless the employees are happy, it is very much difficult to reach high levels of customer’s satisfaction. Customers: The most successful businesses of the world put the customer first, ahead of the investors (Mackey 2005). Modern organizations have realized the importance of keeping the customers satisfied. The growth of consumerism has contributed much to this realization. Creditors: The major inputs like machine, money, materials etc. are supplied by the creditors. Hence, business must behave ethically and responsively towards them. Society: Every business corporations, being open systems, operates within a social system. It draws its resources from the society in which it operates. Hence, it must be socially responsible for the welfare of the later. Government: It is the government of a country of state that provides the primary facilities for the growth and development of the business. Most of the governmental decisions are subjected towards the growth and betterment of the business. Hence, the business, in its turn, should behave ethically and in a socially responsible way towards the government. Conclusion Every business organization is a part of the economic and political system and not an isolated island without any foreign relations. It is the core of a network of relationships to individuals, groups, and things (Reddy and Tripathy 295). Hence, the management should always consider the impacts of their decisions on all the interest groups with which it is closely bonded. The business should operate as a trustee for the wellbeing of its employees, customers, the government, suppliers and creditors, shareholders and the society as a whole. In fact, the management’s duty is to mediate among all these social stakeholders in order to ensure that each of them gets a square deal and none of their interests and benefits are unduly sacrificed to those of the others. Social and ethical responsibilities â€Å"are management’s responsiveness to public consensus† (Adolph 1963).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every civil citizen must possess some social and ethical responsibilities. True that the business corporations are considered as ‘artificial persons’ – but does that mean it should not possess any obligations towards the welfare of the system in which it grows and develops? Obviously, to increase profit is one of the prime motive of every business and from this point, any social involvements reduces the percentage of profit for the business. But, from a wider perspective, it can be concluded that, business corporations should â€Å"behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large† (Holme and Watts). References Adolph, A.B. The American Economic Republic, Harcourt Brace and World, New York, 1963 Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct: Carroll Business Society.1999, 268-295 Davis, K. and Robert, L. B. Business and Society, Environment and Responsibility, Revised   Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Book Company Inc. New York, 1975 Friedman, M. The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profit, New York   Times Magazine, 13 September, 1970 Friedman, M. ibid, 1970 Friedman, M. ibid, 1970 Holme, L and Watts, R. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Making   Good Business Sense – http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles/definition.html Levitt, T. The Dangers of Social Responsibility, Harvard Business Review, Sept, 1958. Mackey, J. (qtd. in) Rethinking the Social Responsibilities of Business, October 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.reason.com/news/show/32239.html McNamara, C. Complete Guide to Ethics Management: An Ethics Toolkit for Managers http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm Massie, J.L. Ethical and Environmental Foundations, Essentials of Management, Fourth Edition, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1995, 29 Paul, C. Ethics in Business, Introduction to Management, Modern Book House, Calcutta,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   India, 1989, 66 Ray, S.M. Corporate Social Responsibility, An Introduction of Management Thoughts, Oriental Publications, New Delhi, 1979, 24 Redddy, P.N. and Tripathy, P.C. Social Responsibilities of Business, Principles of Management, Tata-McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1995, 295 Redddy, P.N. and Tripathy, P.C. ibid, Richard, M.H. and Fred, L. Ethics and Social Responsibilities, International Management, Third Edition, McGraw Hill International Editions, 1997, 480 Richard, M.H. and Fred, L. ibid, 481 Stehi, S.P, Dimensions of Corporate Social Performance, An analytical Framework,   California Management Review, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1975, p. 58-64 The International Seminar on Social Responsibilities of Business: (qtd. in Mukharjee, P.B. Social Responsibilities of Business, 1994, 09

Cost Reduction Using Ten Inventory Management Techniques - An Article Review - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2544 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Mark S. Miller, Thomas M. Graddy / Cost Reduction Using Ten Inventory Management Techniques/85th Annual International Conference Proceedings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2000/ Oct. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cost Reduction Using Ten Inventory Management Techniques An Article Review" essay for you Create order 12 2011 This article reveals about the annual investment companies make in inventory represent between 20% and 40% of invested capital. Inventory ties up cash, takes up space, requires handling, deteriorates and is sometimes lost or stolen. Purchasing can play a major role in managing the investment in inventory. We will discuss how inventory reduction impacts bottom line costs and outline ten inventory management techniques that the buyer can use to reduce inventory costs. It is very critical that purchasing management recognize the financial impact that inventory plays. For purchasing to get the proper credit cost for reducing inventory it is important to recognize its impact to the balance sheet, the income statement and cash flow. Inventories can be found under the current asset section of the balance sheet. Inventories are often also broken down into segments: raw material, work in process and finished goods. Financial analysts carefully watch changes in the year to year inve ntory balances. Inventory is included on the income statement in the calculation of cost of goods sold. If the inventory investment is reduced, the net income is increased. The table below shows that for every dollar that the inventory is reduced, net income is increased by the same dollar. James Watson/ Inventory management strategies for cost reduction/ The Globe and Mail/ Thursday, Sep. 06 2012 The article explains if youve been in business for a while, you should have some record of what sold and what didnt sell throughout the year. Analyze that data. Break the inventory down into categories and try to correlate the categories with customers. Trends or patterns will likely emerge. Depending on what business youre in, these might correspond to the rhythm of the seasons, or they could relate to the financial year-ends of your biggest customers. To recover some of the cash you have tied up in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“deadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  inventory, mark it down for quick sale. Divide y our dead inventory into the bad (meaning not selling right now) and the unsellable. Be realistic and merciless. Display and price the bad stuff so that it will sell. What you paid for it is not important. What is important is that customers buy it and take it off your hands. Or you can see if your distributor might be willing to take some of that inventory back. Structure your proposal so that the distributor gets something out of the deal. Perhaps they have other clients who could use that stock. Alternatively, you might offer to try out that new range of products theyve been pushing. The distributor may only be able to provide a discount on your next order, but that will at least help improve your future cash flow. As a last resort, you may be able to donate the unsellable inventory to charity and generate a receipt for tax purposes. There are other ways to do business without maintaining excess or unproductive inventory. You can, for instance, stock your fastest-moving item s but maintain a drop-shipment agreement with the manufacturers or distributors of slower-selling products. Under a drop-shipment arrangement, the manufacturer or distributor takes care of shipping directly to the customer, and you dont have to keep inventory in stock. Inevitably, there will be items that donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t sell at full price, so you will have to eliminate them from your inventory. By planning ahead, you can set the dates for the markdown sale and eventual liquidation of stock that isnt moving. With a plan, youll be more in control: as each sales period passes, youll be able to measure results against the expected outcome and adjust yourbusiness plan accordingly. Still, if dead inventory is a recurring problem in your business, there could be deep-seated problems that you may have difficulty solving. In such circumstances, it might be helpful to call in outside expertise such as that offered by BDC Consulting, which has a national network of business advisers to help you plan inventory, manage accounts receivable and improve your companys cash flow. Khudsiya Quadr/ Can You Bring Cost Down through Better Inventory Management? /Finance daily/ February 24 2009 This article showcases about cost cuttingandcost reducing, with regards to the overall supply chain network. The most effective way of cost reduction in supply chain is through the collaborative effort of the whole organization. As discussed previously, the supply chain has various areas where cost reduction can be done, but for this blog, I want to focus on cost reduction with better or best inventory management processes and practices. Basicallyinventorycan appear in a variety of forms, such as raw material, goods in process, and finished goods.And each form represents funds (money) that are tied up until that inventory is used up by company as sold goods. Similarly, in retail stores, any stock on the shelves represents dollars tied up until it sells. In other words, inventor y is anything holding up operating funds.The main objective of a supply chain is to have the right inventory, at the right time, at the right location with the right quantity. To achieve this objective, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s key to have a proper inventory management process in place within the organization. There are numerous ways to achieve this without driving up the cost of operations or the cost of inventory. Most importantly, such strategies will help the organization reduce the cost associated with inventory. There are some common techniques and some unique business processes which can be implemented to achieve cost reduction and help with the better management of inventory. Many organizations should implement the following ten practices to reduce inventory costs: 1. Conduct periodic reviews and audits of various inventories being held in-house. 2. Analyze the usage and lead times of on-hand and order book inventory. 3. Reduce safety stock based on customer demand. 4. Use80/20 rule(ABC approach) for inventory control.5. Improve cycle counting techniques for inventory management. 6. Use vendor managed inventory or implement vendor stocking programs, which means supplier are managing inventory with the organization. 7. Usecollaborative planning and replenishment(CPFR) business processes and IT standards to collaborate among multiple parties in the supply chain network. 8. Improve the forecast of each product at the item level, i.e. use a variety of demand forecasting arithmetic models. No single set of algorithms fits all customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ forecast or product families. 9. Communicate demand/hard orders to suppliers for better delivery of inventory. 10. Implement new inventory software which usesinventory quality ratio methodologyandmulti-echelon inventory optimizationtools. Thompson, Kevin Mark / Reducing cost through inventory management/ Massachusetts Institute of Technology/:1996 This article explains about Inventory management involves the control of the current assets, namely raw materials, work in process and finished goods. The main objective of inventory management is to minimize the total cost- both direct and indirect, which are associated with holding the inventories. A reduction in the excessive inventories has a favorable impact on the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profitability. Main purpose of inventory holding inventory is cost effective and helps achieve sales at competitive prices. The other objectives of holding inventories are: To ensure prompt delivery. To avail quantity discounts. To reduce the order cost. To avoid production shortage. To achieve efficient production runs. Costs associated with holding inventories. Material cost. Ordering cost. Carrying cost. Stock Out cost. Each of the above mentioned costs can be controlled through efficient inventory management techniques. Economic order quantity (EOQ): This refers to the optimal ordering quantity that will incur the minimum total cost (order cost and carrying cost) for an item of inventory. With the increase in the order size, the ordering cost decreases but the carrying cost increases and the optimal order quantity is determined where these two costs are equal. The company should also keep an eye on the level of safety stock and the lead-time associated with the orders made.The ABC system: This is also referred to as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“always better controlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It is a selective inventory management technique. This is used when there are varied items in large quantities are involved. In this system, the items are segregated into three groups, namely A, B, and C. The items falling in category A are those that involve the maximum investment. Likewise, the items that require minimum investme nt are classified into group C. Advantages this approach helps in selective control of inventories. It helps in pinpointing the obsolete stocks. It reduces the clerical costs and results in better inventory planning. Limitations The gradation of the items may include many subjective elements The results should be periodically updated. Amarita Bansal/ Reduce Costs through Inventory Management/ Indian Financial Journal / June 1, 2013 The article explains about how inventory management can play a large role in your success. Whether youre a small business owner or a franchisee, efficiently managing your inventory system will not only make your inventory flow more smoothly, but also help reduce your costs. Regardless of industry, people rarely spend enough time managing their inventory, says Shawn Casemore, president and founder of Casemore Co., an Ontario-based business that partners with clients to improve operational performance. Consider these steps to prepare and maintain an efficient, cost-effective inventory system. This can lead to extra inventory costs. Youll end up having to clearance it or sell it at a discounted rate, Felt says. Reduce inventory where possible to mitigate costs, Casemore says. To achieve this, you might consider a vendor-managed inventory system. A good solution for low-value, consuma ble items, this system is an arrangement with a vendor who will replenish your supplies, but they dont charge you for them until youve used them. According to Casemore, if your vendors can do this, you should consider outsourcing to them. Position Inventory Properly How you store, organize and position inventory in a warehouse can increase the efficiency of your inventory system. For example, keep your fastest-moving inventory up front, making it easier for those pulling the items. When warehouses are organized, everything has a flow, says Ben Philbrook, managing partner and director of operations at Chase Canopy, a tent and special event rental company, with locations in New England. Philbrook says its important to have like items together. For example, his warehouse stores both tents and their parts, as well as fragile items, like glasses and china Hau L. Lee and Corey Billington/ Supply chain management reducing cost /Journal of Strategic Financing/ October 1, 1993 This art icle explains about how supply chain is a network of facilities that performs the functions of procurement of material, transformation of material to intermediate and finished products, and distribution of finished products to customers. Often, organizational barriers between these facilities exist, and information flows can be restricted such that complete centralized control of material flows in a supply chain may not be feasible or desirable. Consequently, most companies use decentralized control in managing the different facilities at a supply chain. In this paper, we describe what manufacturing managers at Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) see as the needs for model support in managing material flows in their supply chains. These needs motivate our initial development of such a model for supply chains that are not under complete centralized control. We report on our experiences of applying such a model in a new product development project of the DeskJet printer supply chain at HP. F inally, we discuss avenues to develop better models, as well as to fully exploit the power of such models in application. Thomas, H., Sanvido, V., and Sanders, S / material management in cost savings/Journal of Contemporary Research In Business/ 1989 This article explains about research has indicated that formal material management programs have the potential to yield significant construction cost savings, yet smallÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  and mediumÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ sized commercial contractors may not feel that an integrated material management program is cost effective. The objective of this paper is to quantify the adverse impacts of ineffective material management practices. Data collected as part of an ongoing construction productivity study is used to analyze and compare the effects of material management practices on two steel erection projects. Rules of credit were applied to calculate the daily output. Adverse conditions caused by the lack of an effective material management program are identified, and the days on which the conditions occurred are noted. For these days, the actual daily productivity is compared with the expected productivity to determine the number of workÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ hours lost. The cost impact is compared to the cost of effective material management. The results show a benefits/cost ratio of 5.7, favoring greater attention to material management. Akintola Akintoyea / Inventory represents cost to procure/ CPA Practice Management Forum / 1995 The article show cases how materials constitute a huge proportion of the cost of construction. Materials are sometimes ordered weeks or even months ahead of requirement leading to uneconomical inventory on construction sites or contractors warehouses. Building material inventory represents cost to procure, cost to store and insure, cost to guard against theft and cost incurred when inventory becomes obsolete. This paper presents an overview of the Just-in-Time (JIT) production system and discusses application and implementation issues for the control of material inventory in building construction. JIT ensures that suppliers deliver directly to the production floor to achieve either a reduction in inventory or zero inventory and consequently a reduction in production costs. Implementation of JIT building material management in construction has the potential to realize the same far reaching benefits experienced in manufacturing. Relevant factors to consider in JIT implementation for material inventory management in construction are implications for construction output and quantities, production planning, design planning, construction contractor and suppliers relationships, material sourcing, and education and training. Lee, Y Bogardi and Stansbury, J./ Decision support using material management /International Journal Of Finance And Technology / Sep 2013 A decision support system based on a modified fuzzyÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã ¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ composite programming method is developed to assist decision makers in solving multipleÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ objective decision problems under uncertainty. The method is applied to a dredged material management problem involving disposal of polluted dredged material at multiple disposal sites, where there are conflicting objectives such as environmental risk and cost, and the information regarding the impacts of dredged material disposal on each site is uncertain. Using the modified fuzzyÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ composite programming method, values of the risk and cost are transformed into fuzzy numbers (i.e., fuzzy risk and fuzzy cost) to incorporate uncertainties associated with the risk and cost into the riskÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ versusÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cost tradeÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ off analysis. Venkatapparao Mummalanenia, Khalid M. Dubas and Chiang-nan Chaoc/ Business Wire [New York] /01 Mar 2006: 1/ Purchasing managers need to periodically evaluate supplier performance in order to retain those suppliers who meet their requirements in terms of several performance criteria. Six attributes frequently used as performance criteria are identified and used in this study. These attributes are: on-time delivery, quality, price/cost targets, professionalism, responsiveness to customer needs, and long-term relationships with the purchasing company. Purchasing managers use all six attributes jointly in evaluating supplier performance. Further, in making their choices the purchasing managers must necessarily make trade-offs among different levels of these attributes. Conjoint analysis is the appropriate method for measuring preferences where several attributes are used jointly in an overall evaluation. This article reports the results of an exploratory study examining the trade-offs made by Chinese purchasing managers among the six attributes identified earlier. The priorities of Chinese ma nagers as well as the trade-offs they make are finally discussed in terms of their implications for Western marketers